Benabou y Tirole ofrecen un modelo de preferencias (ideológicas/religiosas/etc) endógenas.  Desconozco los méritos o novedad del modelo en si, pero creo que es un avance significativo que economistas de este calibre ya estén entrando en estos temas hasta ahora fuera del “mainstream”.

Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics

by Roland Benabou, Jean Tirole – #11208 (EFG PE)
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11208

Abstract:

International surveys reveal wide differences between the views held in different countries concerning the causes of wealth or poverty and the extent to which people are responsible for their own fate. At the same time, social ethnographies and experiments by psychologists demonstrate individuals’ recurrent struggle with cognitive dissonance as they seek to maintain, and pass on to their children, a view of the world where effort ultimately pays off and everyone gets their just deserts.

This paper offers a model that helps explain: i) why most people feel such a need to believe in a “just world”; ii) why this need, and therefore the prevalence of the belief, varies considerably across countries; iii) the implications of this phenomenon for international differences in political ideology, levels of redistribution, labor supply, aggregate income, and popular perceptions of the poor.

The model shows in particular how complementarities arise endogenously between individuals’ desired beliefs or ideological choices, resulting in two equilibria. A first, “American” equilibrium is characterized by a high prevalence of just-world beliefs among the population and relatively laissez-faire policies. The other, “European” equilibrium is characterized by more pessimism about the role of effort in economic outcomes and a more extensive welfare state.

More generally, the paper develops a theory of collective beliefs and motivated cognitions, including those concerning “money” (consumption) and happiness, as well as religion.

Summary
Convergence of national GDP/capita numbers is a common, but narrow, measure of global success or failure in development. This paper takes a broader range of quality of life variables covering health, education, rights and infrastructure and examines if they are converging across countries. It finds that these measures are converging as a rule and (where we have data) that they have been converging for some time. The paper turns to a discussion of what might be driving convergence in quality of life even as incomes diverge, and what this might mean for the donor community.

1. Easterly ataca:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A25562-2005Mar10.html
Jeffrey D. Sachs’s guided tour to the poorest regions of the Earth is enthralling and maddening at the same time — enthralling, because his eloquence and compassion make you care about some very desperate people; maddening, because he offers solutions that range all the way from practical to absurd. It’s a shame that Sachs’s prescriptions are unconvincing because he is resoundingly right about the tragedy of world poverty.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64541-2005Mar24.html
William Easterly, who reviewed my book The End of Poverty (Book World, March 13), is notorious as the cheerleader for “can’t-do” economics. For years as a World Bank staffer, he watched failed programs during the era of World Bank “structural adjustment lending” and reached the erroneous conclusion that any bold effort to help the poorest of the poor would fail. He wrongly made the Bank’s shortcomings into a general theory. The World Bank has since moved on, but Easterly has not.